The middle ear surgery is the surgical set to treat problems in the tympanic membrane, the ossicles articulated (hammer, anvil and stirrup) and the mastoid air cells (cavities of the temporal bone) interventions. There are two main groups of surgical procedures: Tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy. Tympanoplasty encompasses ossiculoplasty (repair of bones) and myringoplasty (closing holes in the eardrum). To perform this type of surgery, you enter the middle ear through a cut behind the ear or inside the ear canal and the relevant procedures are performed, depending on the injury presented by the patient. Intervention may include removing any infection or dead tissue in the eardrum to place a graft to repair a perforation in the tympanic membrane or put a prosthesis to replace a damaged bone. Tympanoplasty is indicated in cases of large perforations of the eardrum or middle ear infections, including chronic or acute otitis media, which can not be cured with antibiotics. The masteidoctomía is an operation to remove the air-filled cavities of the skull located behind the ear (temporal bone), performed to treat infections of the mastoid portion of the skull that complications of otitis media, abnormal bone growths, cholesteatoma ( cyst skin cells in the middle ear) or to place cochlear implants.